Airplane



Marcha, 1931.

A. JoRDANoGLoU 1,797,347

AIRPLANE Filed Feb. 3, 1950 6 Sheets-Sheet .2

March. 24, 1.1931. 4A,,JCMYQDANOGLOU y 1,797,347

A IRPLANE Filed Feb. 3, 1930 e 'shee'ts-sheet. ls

5 noauto@ oww Y Mardi 24, 1931. A. JORDANQGLOU 1,797,347

AIRPLANE Filed Feb. 3, 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 ALEX JoRpA/voaoa March 24, 1931. A, JQRDANOGLOU 1,797,347

March 24, 1931- A. JoRDANoGLou 1,797,347

A [RPLANE Filed Feb. 3, 1950y 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 5 nov/1140 z- ALEX JoRA/v 06.40@

Patented Mar. 24, 1931 PATIES Y YALEX'Jorvnnnoernonr, or WASHINGTON, Dreamer or GOLUMBIA AIRPLANE Y Application filed February 3, 1930;Av .Serial No. 1,125,558.; 'y Y l My. present invention in its kbroad .aspect has to do .With improvements in airplanes of l the type generally. known. as ornithopters, t. namely, that type of airplanes which are suse D tained inflight by movement of the wings, closelyresembling those of 'av bird. More particularly it is my purpose to provide a monoplane type of aircraft .wherein Vthe 1 wings are given a forward and backward motion and atthesame time are caused to. move rapidly up and down (flap) and .at the same time modifying the angle ofattack, providinga constant lift, and otherwise very n closely approximating the movement of the 1'5 wing of a b-ird, even-to the extent of increasing the` velocity of movement of alli of the wing parts much more in the reverse directionthan in the forward direction. v

In orderl that the airplane may take off n .129 without first requiring the usual taxying, I

have provided mechanism whereby the4 up and down motion and the forward and backward motion, together with all othermotions of the wings and the angle of attack are inhi-2.5 creasedr greatly in the reverse so that the necessarylift is inducedby the motion of the'wings only from a normal position of rest. I have further provided means whereby all of the motions of the wings of my 7350 airplane vmay be adjusted at the will'of the operator andfwhereby the inherent stability of the machine may be increased, side slip prevented, and a greater margin of safety in-4 duced. By controlling the angle of attack ofV the wingsthe proper liftfinay be provided for any particular .motion of the wings, either forward or backward, and the lift rinduced by the forwardmovement of the plane may be utilized to its greatest extent. Furthermore,

Y .the normal head resistance of the plane may be .reduced when its maximum speed is ob.- tained, while at. the same time the greatest lift and maximum resistance may be obtained when the plane is in' its normalposition of rest 4" priorV to rising. The back andforth motion of my .wings enable the planete rise directly froma position of rest without taxying, and to land vat a minimum or no air speed, and by greatlyincreasing theveloc-ity of the move- "o ment of the wings in a reverse direction, sustained lift is obtained the continuity of lift preserved .byincreasing' the "interval 'of theiiapping motionfat the dead center point when the movement of the wings is Vchanging either from a forward to .av backward, 'orage backwardto'aforward motion.l v n I' have reduced the number of 'workingv parts of my invention to aminimum; have Y provided means whereby all of the parts are rendered adjustable; have conserved the Go space necessary to house the machinery, and have reduced the weight' to aminimum, there- Y by'increasing the `capacity of the plane' to carry a load. 'Other and equally important objectsl 'of my invention will become apparent 65 as the description proceeds, but inconnection therewith Ait is emphasized that interpretation of the. invention yshould only be conclusive when made inthe'lightof the claims apllnend-V ed hereunto. Inl the;drawings,wherein my invention vis illustrated, Figure lis a top plan view of an airplane, showing in a general way the mode of operation of the wings. f' Y Figure la is'a transverse section throigh one of the wings showing thearrangement of the slot therein.

Figure 2 is a sectionalfront elevation of ank 'airplane taken through, the fuselage, and looking towards the f enring edgeV of .they wings. c ,f

Figure 3 is a sectional side view, and shows the relative position andarrangement of the parts. 'y 1 y Figurei is a schematicview of the mechA anism vt'hereby the upand `down or flapping 85 motion off the wings is induced. 4 Y

Figure 5is al lView 'of theAv drive shaft and Vcam elements thereon whereby theyarious parts of my invention are operative.k

f Figure 6 `is; a view taken on the line 99 n 1 showninFigure 7. y n ico Figure 10 is a view of the hanger for the crank gear and slot mechanism. v

Figure 11 is a substantial schematic View of the mechanismv utilized to vary the angle of attack of the wings.

Figure 11a is a view of the guide slot element for driving the mechanism in Figure 11.

Figure 11b is arsection taken Von the line 11b and 11b of view 11a. A

Figure 110 is a sectional detail of the pin and cam groove `connection shown nin "Figure 11. Y

Figure 12 is a detailed view of the ner in which the master bar is connected to the upper bar of the parallelogram drive ele-` ment shownin'Figure 11. f

f Figure 13 is a view of the mechanism shown in: Figure V11, and illustrates the manner in which the angle Vof attack is changed asy the wings move up and down, or flap.

Figure 14 is-aview-of the drive rod and master'bar connections.

`#Figurel isa schematic view of any one of fthe'fcam r elements,whereby the velocity of motion `ina rearward direction is increased four or more times over the-velocity of movement in a forward direction. L 1 ure 16 is a r'detailed view of the wing arm'f eeper, "guide,fwing arm butt land operating elements to' cause both forward and backward movement, and change the angle of attack of the wings. l @Figure 17vis alpers'pective'viewofthe connection `between thewingarm butt and the oscillating member which causes the wings to assume the backward and forward 'motionby means, of the powerelements shown in Figure2.ff" v J vFigurez18 is a perspective viewof themannerl of connecting thewings with the. wing mast shown in Figure 2 in its .relationship to the'l other parts of my airplane. i Y

In thel drawings wherein like characters of reference are used to'designate like orY similar parts throughout the several views thereof. i 1 The numeralfldesignates the fuselage of an airplane of a monoplane type and which h'asthe usual directional Vand vertical control elements 2-and 3'; the drivers seat,`4; .landing gear 5; the-nose, V6 (wherein the power plant, not shown, is lpreferably located) Vand wings, 7 ,in compartment,8, forward of drivers seat, 4, vis located a mast,9, ,which is fixed in a bearing, 10, on ther-Hoor of'the fuselage and retained by fitting, 10a, in the roof of the'fuselage.- The mast is substantially vertically. positioned andi-fixed. rlfhel wings,- 7, are of any suitable construction and each has-a sleeveelement, 11, within which is retained by mea-nsof one or more studs, 12, the wing arm butt, 13. v f-' Y 'Each wing arm butt', 13, is formed'in'sections, 13a and 13b, connected by a universal joint, 14, of any suitable type.v One wing Fiappz'ng o1' up amd cio/um motion of wings Y Located in each side of the fuselage in the compartment, 8, are slotted members, 20. 'lheseslottedl members each have a substantial vU-shaped depending part, 21, within which'fits a beam, 22, of thefuselage, and through which extends a pivot pin, 23. See Figure 16. TheV structure of the side walls ofthe fuselage'isbroken away to permit the slbtted members, 20v` to oscillate up and down on the pin, 23, and formed on the lower part of the'inner element ofeach of the U-shaped members, 21, is an arm, 24, which is substantially parallel'with rthe upper and lower' bars of the slotted member,'20, and which extends in a rearward direction. Mounted for slidingmovement on the arm, 24, is a coupling, 25,ito which is pivotally connected, as at 26, vertical'bar, 27, the lower end of which is pivotally connected as at 28 with a coupling, 29, s'lidably mounted on the member, 30, connecting the upper endsof a pair of relatively parallel pivoted members, 31, the lowerends of which are vpivotally 'retained in bearings, 32. Betweenthe ends ofthe vertical bar, 27, is an adjusting member, having a screw threaded shaft, 33, an'operating wheel` 34, on the end of the shaft, and a sleeve` 35, slidably engaging the bar 27, and having a connection, 36permitting a slight rocking motion of the bar 27. The adjusting bar is mounted in a suitable bearing, 37. Pivotally connected to one of the parallel members, 31, as at 38 is a reciprocating drive shaft, 39, mounted in steady bearings, 40, and having its remaining end operably associated, as at 41, with the groove of a cam, 42, keyedV to the drive shaft, 43. The groove in the cam is so formed that the rod is fcaused to reciprocate with such amplitude that the parallel bars. 31,/and bar, :30, are moved forwardly and backwardly, Vone position being shown in dotted line in Figure 4thereby to rock the slotted guide, 20 on its pivot point, 23, the amplitude of such rocking motion being dctermined by the position of the vertical shaft, 27, same having slidable connection through the members, 25and 29, with the arm, 24, and rod, 30.

vThe sha-ft, 43, is mounted in suitable bearings, preferably supported on the oor of the nected with the transmission mechanism, 47,

fuselageand has keyed theretoa crank farm,

44, which works in the slot,`45, in the opcrati ingv element, 46, which isl operatively conthrough which the power shaft, 48, operates.

lBy reference to Figure 15,`it will be seen that Y the movement transmitted by the crank-slot; lever' arrangement heretoforev described, greatlyfincreases in one cycle of its operation, and decreases in the" other, caused by the movement of the crank toward the center of rotation of the member, 46, thereby decreasing or increasing the crank arm through which power is transmitted. One position is illustrated in fullvlines in Figure l5, and' two other positions'taken at' random are shown in dotted lilies, the three positions being ,designated l, 2, and 3, Accordingly, by the arrangement illustrated, the backward motion ofthe drive shaft, 39, is fourtiines or more greater than its forward motion and the velocity of'rotation of the shaft, 43, is

Y described,"is duplicated on each side of theV always four times or more greater iii one cycle than in the other. Since there is one slotted guide device, 20, oii'each side of the fuselage, all' 'of the operatingimechanism heretofore fuselage, and the other end of the drive shaft, 43, has a similar cam, 42, thereon which operates through similar drive shaft parallel bars, vertical bar, 27, andthe like.

v wing is determined by the rocking motion ofv ftheguide slots in the manner Since the arm of each wing,f7, extends through a guide slot, the up and down of the hereinafter described. A

13a-16 aaa'fowwawa mama', Hung from thefceiliiig or roof of the fuselage is a crank element, 49', which is con-V nected by an operating rod (not shown) with' a similar crank element, 49, on the shaft, 43,

so that said tcranks are operated in unisonA The upper crank element, 49,'is'carrie`d in' a hanger, 50-see Figure 10-and has connected therewith a pair of links, 51, which, in turn, are connected with reciprocating drive ele-ments, 52, through the instrumentality of' the slottedbearing, 53, on the ends ofthe reciprocating' drive shafts, 52.V YSaid drive shafts, 52,` are `carried in' hangars, 54,'there beingslidable 'bearings '55, in said hangars,

VandV 'said hangars being each connected with an adjusting rod and wheel, '56, so that the y position of the drive shafts may be regulated up or down; such up and down inoti-on being compensated for by the slots in the elements, 53; -Mounted on the Hoor of the fuselage is a vbearing member, V56, in which are mounted a pair of vertical, oscillating arms, 57 and 58, with which the ends of thel respective shafts,

V52, are slidably connected by lfittings, 59, so

that the; reciprocating motion induced through the crank,j49, isy traiismittedto the irieii'ibersv 57i andS,y and these in turn", are

which will be j of each Wing, a collar,60, which has an arm,

connected in a manner which will be herein? after described, with the respective wings,k 7,

so that thewings arecausedvto move back and forth. Y

Cooperation '07 parte vcatering yup'fanalidown ,moran y and forward mal Vrear/ narall motion a Since the wingsare caused to move forward and backward at the same time that the y guide members, 20, are caused to oscillate on pivots, 23, the wings are caused-to move up and down simultaneously with the movement forward and backward, and the greatest upland Vdown motionl is approached as the wings reach thelimit of their forward and backward` motion, thus lcompensating for any lag or decrease in the lift at the point inthe forward and backward motion vof each when the lift would ordinz'irily` be at a mini'- mum (namely, thefpoint when the movement is reversed); Eurthermore, by means of the crank 4arm aiidfslot motion heretofore cle--` scribedwith reference t0.` Figures 4 and 15,

the movement -both up and down and rear- Wardly has a velocity four times ormore the wings.

greaterthan during the forward moti-on of wwigev angle 0f artifact` l Since, in orderr to obtain the'y maximum of eiciency, it is necessary tochange the angle of attack during the forward andbackward and upward and `downward motion of the wings, I have provided on the sleeve part, l1,

6l, and* each arm is pivotally connected with a vertical rod, 62which, in turn', is pivotally connected as at 63, -witha couplingt6c4, slid- -ably mounted on the upper bar, 65, of a ,in a fixed bearing, 74, and the remaining vend of which connected as at`75 for operation the grove, 76,1of a second cam wheel, 77, on `the shaft, 43,1 so that theinovement of the shaft, 4.3, transmits Itvhroughthe cam, 77,'*a Y reciprocating motion to the shaft, 73, and in n turn, to the shaft,"69, while at the saine time the relative positionY of the shaft" cansbe ad# justed by means of thexmember,`71. -Manifestly, any adjustment of the shaft up and down will aectthe amplitude of oscillation of the parallelogram composed ofthe mem-A bers, 65 and 66;y 'Under ordinary 'circuin-x stances, the lower bar, 67, ofthe parallelogram d oes not oscillate throughr movement of the shaft', 69,` since it is not only pvotall'y connected bya rod, 80, withthe Vendof the slotted guide member, A20. Accordingly, as;

the bars and 66 are oscillated, the rod,i62`,V is drawn down or forced up, thereby moving the. arm, 61, andc-hangingthe angle of attack o'f the wing. The `mechanism heretofore Clescribed is repeated, element for element, with respect to each winglof the airplane, andv adjustment of the angle of attack of each wing isrendei'ed independent by the independent adjusting element,.71.` Y -f In order to change the angleV of attack-as either of the wings is'moved up and down, the rod, 80,' serves to oscillate 'the lower bar; 67, independent of the period of oscillation of the bars, 65 and 66, such motion being shown in Figure 18. The shafts, V69, are' connected to the masterfbars, 68, pivotally, as shown in Figur-e 14, and the sleeve element, 81, is slidably mounted on the master bar, 68, 'for' an obvious reason. j Sincethe sliding member, 64, on the bar, 65, must be moved toV dif-` ferent positions upon said bar, 65 and mayV pass the point of connection, 82, of the master bar, 68, with the bar, 65, I slot the bar, 68, in the manner shown atV 88 in Figure 12,v and place the end of the bar, 68, withinl'the slot; the pivot point, r82, extending therethrough to connect the same with the bar, l65. The member, 64,'is slotted as at 84, so that it may pass the bar, 68, after the` manner which is clearly shown inFigure`12.

Wing butt construction In describing the structure which'induces the backward and forward L.motion of the wing, it was pointed out that thetwo oscillat ing members, 57 and 58, were connected with the wings. connected directly with the'wing butt, .13, of one wing through the instrumentality of aslotted arm, 85, said slot allowing for lat'- eral motion of the member, 58, therewithin, as shown in Figure'17. Accordingly, asrthe member, 58, is movedbackiand forth, the wing butt is given a forward and backward motion. However, since the angle of attack of the Vwing is subject to change, and this change is induced through the sleeve-part, 11, of thewing, sleeve, 11, is slottedras at 86, to allow the sameto slightly rotate on the wing butt, 18; all vof this structure being shown in Figure 16. The sleeve portion, 11, of each wing is mounted to slide in each of the guide members,20, by means of akeeper, 87. The actual construction of the wing is, of course, subject-to considerable modificar tion. The other wing, 7, has -an extension, 88, on one ofthe members, 15, ofthe wing butt, as clearly shown `in Figure 18; This member, 88, is slotted asat 89, and theend of oscillating rod, 57, extendsftherethrough so that .forward and backward motion is transf The oscillating member, '58, isY

the member, 88,

either side of the point of pivot, 92, ofieach outer wing section is one of a pair of springs 93a and 985, which normally hold the outer sections in alignment with the main wing sections. I-Iowever, as the wings move back-V ward and forward, and especially backward, the inertia of the outer wing sections causes them to assume a position out of alignment with the main wing structure, that is tilted considerably back when either wing has reached the most backward position, and slightly forward when either wing has reached the forward position, thereby increasing the lift of the airplane. In order to cushion the action of the wings in their up and ldown movement, I provide in the main wing structure an inclined slot, 94, the forward portion of which is adjacent to and beneath the entering edge of the wing and the rear portion of which is adjacent to and above the trailing edge of the wing. Thus,

air enters in a stream at the forward part of the slot and passes out at the back, relieving, to a considerable degree, the tendency to form a vacuum above the trailing edge of each wing, and to cushion the reciprocating action or up and down motion of the wings.

Operation It is believed that the operation of my airplane will be apparent from the foregoing description of its several parts. However, in order that the cooperation of the various parts may be more readilyv understood, it is pointed out that all powernecessary is taken from the shaft, 43, which, in turn, is oper-- ated throughthe power shaft, 48, transmission, 47, and lever and slotted member, 44, and 46, respectively. Assuming that the shaft, 43, is beingactuated, the reciprocating, flapping or up and down movement of the wings, together with the back and forth motion of the wings, is induced as follows: The wingsare moved back and forth' in the ratio, respectively, four to one, or greater, or less by means of connections between the cranks, 49', through levers, .51, reciprocating shafts, 52, and oscillating rods, 57 andl 58, which are connected with the wing butts; at the same time reciprocating shafts, 39, are actuated through the instru,mentality of cams, 42, to oscillate rods, 30 and 31, which, through vertical sha-ft, 2 7, actuates the, arms,

v ward; motion @greater "during: the backward interval` ty of motion, the-angle of; `attac-kl of thea Welles 'modiedf andfchangd through the' insane anlfliiriiig therz forwtldinterval; of: move ofthe f p'arlallelogramg composed of: members 5 ing inthe 'Verticatl'lshaf 62,-- an up,and downL attached l to( the .sleeve of each wing,

enltalitjnofshafts, 695;.whieh lin turn areggniiergeaned with cams5 it; Ibeingv noted 15 thathtli minis,.agganci faremponfthe main'v loads, different;requirementsof spac'e" and: cai u pacity; different conditions-lofperatifdnmay require changes:instructureHowever; .the

principlei'ilpon )which my4 airplane ope'natesf 1s";canr1ed l#out throughout any changes 1n' structure. `=*Especially-is it true that changes* ft are liable to. occur inthe link;- shaftffand lever mechanism forl inducing 'and controlling" the" various 'Inoments `of" th'eflwing's, i and 'it is"" totbe noted thatthroughout thefsequ'enees o fl motion thedift is'k-'e'pt verynearto "its" maiif# imum during the diminished! velocityl ofthe" wing in its path oftrayel forward and back--V ward, 'therebgv compensating in agreat degree if 4 vv85 to. any tendency' toward periodical moments when ylift may be neutralized. f f

ythep rticularfposition of the vertical-shaft',

msni,including the adjusting-wheel, :The

meldt ,ef

ntality; ofl adjusting Inechanism;5in-1'A clu'dinglthewheel,f7 1. 'lhe extentgofthefup' tionsofY movement of the wing lift'isereated. f

the @animan strumentality adjustablef,hanganre;Y.,

.ubijlecty lQ to controli byh4 the@` operator, and

-torfcianpveryfwell be substituted. y,

Tielat'ei". Lstab'lity ofimy airplane maintained `by changinguthe angle; of i attack v of anyone wing." lLongitndin,all stability is; controlled thek u,s;ia 1, mannery by the elec ,or ,weighMlm-usuelControlelement dell i 'tA tion ofthe-wings andan upward anddwnio vat hea'vie uh 1 machines, and thedreqtion angle f tained, through the `Svi21e11-1te1ie011s prerisonof Changing; angle atiettetk. eedkgthe forward and b``clrwaidmtion of the wings. In praci f tice a suitable power plant is located in the may be regulated@nerasebilia may 'be TdSn 5.2., .th-.Tough Etnea-ineH beseenthatlall. oftheimajcr motions Y* erations ofthe;wingsiof?iny;fairplanej;prising.wings,-ineariswherebysaidwingsare` f In practice the angle (if-'attack of :any wingf presupposes an-fangular in'clination'l'fof the win-gL with ythe ntrailing":edgeV f-the'reof' j below theV entering Vedgef when thefwingffi's going` forward and theel/trailing edgefabove'thefenfj rearward' direction; =sof` that in ,either A'direc- While fthe Ypreferred embodimentv of my' the foregoing, itis 'again pointed'.I outfthaft fof birdgviight.v But; in connection therewith l it'isfeniphasized that -the interpretation of the invention vshouldon'ly be conclusive whenv4 made in the light ofthe subjoined"clai'mspf-'Qf 1.-.: An airplane be the typefdes'cribed' gom@ moved with-'a baclwarcband.2v forward motion :from a central@ commonr pivot' point; means i wherebyv'said wings arefmoved up andd'own with a nappingA motion simultaneously with' Seid ",bCkWafrd and#y forwazrd motion and 2 V*means fwhereby-thefangl of attackofsaid iwings is. controlledgtocoordinate.the angleofl V Ward lOrl-napping* motion ofv they wings', andat f l a reciprating orup and down movement, a g

'attack to .,-backwardffmotionifoffsai'd` wings? fr ingthe first twomotionsoff the" wings. 'i 2;. Ay ineohanisln'gcapable1of aerial loc'om'o'' tion .includ-mgpwingsgfmeans'for kinducing 'si-1f f multaneouslyifa ibackwardan'df forward m'o' if the same timezchangingftheangle of attack7V s tioned rmotionsrarer'acceleratedjduring the *f aff 'coinprisinggwinga saidwings' being pivted at a common pointwithin the fuselage, means for inducing a forward and backward mofor motion either upward and downward, or

forwardly andrearwardly, means forV actuating said wings to induce a continuous forward and backward and upward and downward motion thereof, means for automatically k'changing the angleof attack of said wings during said afore-mentioned motions thereof, whereby to induce al constant lift and means whereby all of said motions ofthe wings, together with vthe angle ofattack thereof is subject to the control of the operator.

5. In-an airplane of the type described comprising a plurality of'wings universally pivoted within thefuselage, means for simultaneously actuating said wingsto have an upward J and ,downward and a forward and rear-v ward motion, said wings being formed with hinged outer sections designed to increase inherentf stability' of the` aircraft and slots formedj inthe main wing-sections for cushioning said wingsin their path of travel in an upward vand 'f downward Y direction.

6. In an airplane ofv .the type described comprising a'fuselage, a vertical mast within the fuselage, a pair of wings luniversally Ymounted on said mast, ineans' for simultanei changing the angle of attack of said wings, `a power plant and all of the said afore-mentioned wings'being connected'with the power plant foi-constant motion, having a1 considerable accelerationfon the rearward-path of travel of saidiwings.v ,i 7. In an airplane comprising a fuselage "and a power plant.a pair.' of wings-pivoted at a commonipoint within the-.fuselage to be free to move aboutfsaid pivot point eitherinan upward or downward, or a forward and rearward direction, ajcommon driveV shaft connected with the power plant mechanism cona pair of slotted guideV members pivoted innec'ted with said'drive shaft for inducing a variable forward 'and' `ba'ickward motionf'of Ychanging the anglev of attack of said wings to induce a relatively Yconstant lift.

8. In an airplanecomprising a fuselage,

termediate their respectiveends -to a fixed part of the fuselageY on either side thereof, a

pair of Vwingspivoted at a common point downward motion duri-ng .their marisa# within the fuselage,l and extending through tliejguide members, means for reciprocating said `vwings in a forwardgand backward direction, and means forl oscillating said guide" members to give said wings an upfvvard and `movement forwardly and backwardily.

- 9. In van airplane confiprising a'fuselage having a pairof oscillating guide members pivotediii the respectivesides'of the'fuselage, a pair of'wings pivoted at a common point within the fuselage andextending through they guideineinbers, meansfor reciprocating said wings back and forth, means for oscillating s aid guide members to cause said wings to Vassume a flapping-or upward and downward movement duringi and simultaneous with the forward and backwardmotion of said -wiii'gs and means for accelerating the motion ofV thewings both upwardly and downwardly, and backwardlytoV the point of greatest acceleration when the rearward travel of the wingsis reached.

l0. Inv air-airplane comprising a power plant and a. fii`sela'ge,a common drive shaft connected with the power plant, a pair of wings pivoted at` a common point within the fuselage,means connecting the'drive shaft with said-wings to reciprocatethe same back and forth, means in-conjunction with said afore-menti'oned means for accelerating the backward motion of said wings, means foi' simultaneously"moving lsaid Awings up and downwith a flapping motion during the movement forward and backward thereof, means for accelerating Ythe upward and downward motion of said wings as the wings move Von their rearward-path of travel, said latter means being-connected with thegcoin- -mon drive shaft, and means connected with the common drive shaft'for automatically changing the angle of attack of said wings at various points rin their travel.

11. Inr a flaXing wing type of airplane having means for giving the wings a forward and backward and an upward and downofthe wings, including a slot formed in each wing and inclined upwardly throughz the wing 'structure to have the forward end of i the sl-ot beneath and adjacent to the entering .edge and the rearward end of the slot' adjacent to the trailing edge of the wing. 1.2.;In an airplane of the heavier than air type comprisingV sectional wings. the outer f secti on being pivoted to the entire section and means toV either side of the pivot point for normally holding said wing sectionsin alignyment, said outer pivoted sectionsbeing movable in a rearward direction through the action of inertia." j

In testimony whereof, I aiiiX my signature hereunto.

- ALEX JORDANOGLOU.

wardmotion, meansfor cushioning the action fl 

